虚拟语气的课件
2026-02-17 虚拟语气的课件虚拟语气的课件（汇总十八篇）。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气的课件作为汉语语法的一种重要形式，虚拟语气在日常使用中常常出现，但是它的使用却又十分复杂。虚拟语气不受实际事实的限制，可以用于表达一些非真实的情况或假设，有时还可以用来表示一些要求、建议、命令等语气。本文将从虚拟语气的基础概念、用法及注意事项三个方面进行详细探讨，以帮助读者更好地了解和运用虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气的基础概念
虚拟语气是指在句子中表示假设、推测、愿望、要求等语气的形式。虚拟语气不同于陈述语气和祈使语气，而是具有特殊的语法形式。虚拟语气可以分为虚拟条件句和虚拟假设句两种。
虚拟条件句表示一种条件假设，用于表述一个逻辑上不可能实现的情况，通常采用“如果……就……”的句式。这种句式的条件句主句使用虚拟语气。例如：“如果我是你，我就不会那么做。”
虚拟假设句表示句中所述情况与事实相反，也就是与现实不符合，通常使用“要是……就好了”、“希望……”等句式进行表达。例如：“要是天气晴朗，我们就可以去野餐了。”
二、虚拟语气的用法
1. 表示不可能实现的条件或假设
虚拟语气最常见的用法是表示一种否定的情况或假定一个不可能实现的情况。例如：“如果我有超能力，我就可以飞到天上去。”在这句话中，“我有超能力”是不可能实现的条件，因此使用虚拟语气。
2. 表示现实与愿望相反的情况
当现实与我们的愿望不符合时，我们可以使用虚拟语气来表达自己的希望。例如：“我希望我昨天晚上没熬夜，今天不会头疼。”在这句话中，“我昨天晚上没熬夜”与现实不符，因此使用虚拟语气。
3. 表示建议、要求和命令
在表达建议、要求和命令时，我们常常使用虚拟语气来表达一种紧迫和强烈的语气。例如：“我建议你早点睡觉，不然明天上课会困。”在这句话中，“我建议你早点睡觉”是一种虚拟语气，因为它并不确切标明对方一定需要睡觉，只是提出了一种建议。
三、虚拟语气的注意事项
1. 避免使用虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种比较复杂的语法形式，因此我们不应该在实际使用中过度使用它，避免造成语言的紊乱和混乱。
2. 注意虚拟语气的时态和语气
虚拟语气的时态和语气要与情况相符合，否则容易造成误解。例如：“如果我将来可以当上总裁，我就很满意了。”这句话中，应当使用“将来可以”而不是“将来能够”，否则容易使语言表述含混。
3. 注意虚拟语气的逻辑关系
虚拟语气的逻辑关系非常重要。因此在使用的时候，我们应当了解句子所要表达的含义和逻辑关系，才能准确表达自己的思想。
总之，虚拟语气作为汉语中的一种重要语法形式，在日常生活中应用广泛。对于不同的语境和情况，我们需要灵活运用虚拟语气，以便更好地表述自己的语言含义和意义。希望通过本文的介绍，读者能够更好地了解和掌握虚拟语气的运用。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气在英语语法中常常被使用，它表达的是一种虚构的情况或假设，通常处于一种非真实的语义状态下。在实际的应用过程中，虚拟语气能够表达一种假设或者说是一种愿望或者建议等，用以表达一旦有了某种情况，所发生的应该是什么样的事情。以下是对虚拟语气的相关主题的阐述。虚拟语气的概念及应用
虚拟语气作为英语语法上的一种语态，其表达的主要是非真实语境下的假设、愿望和建议等。通常来说虚拟语气有三个主要的时态：过去式虚拟语气、现在式虚拟语气和将来式虚拟语气。其中，过去式虚拟语气用于表达现在或将来不现实的情况，现在式虚拟语气用于表达现在或将来意义上不可能的情况、或是建议，而将来式虚拟语气则通常用于表示对未来的假设。
虚拟语气的用法非常灵活，可以用于多种不同的情况下，包括虚拟条件句、虚拟陈述句、虚拟感叹句、虚拟祈使句等。虚拟语气还可以用于表达异议、否定和怀疑等。
虚拟语气在生活和工作中的应用
虚拟语气在生活和工作中都有着广泛的应用。在日常的英语交流中，虚拟语气常用于表示某种情况是否可能的假设、愿望或者建议等。比如，如果我现在说如果你来参加我的生日聚会的话，那我就会很高兴，这句话中的“如果...的话”以及会很高兴则使用了现在式的虚拟语气。
在商务交流中，虚拟语气也有着重要的应用。比如，当我们向客户展示产品或者服务时，我们常常会运用虚拟语气，用以表达我们的愿望或者建议，以达到更好的交流成果。除此之外，在和老板沟通求职信件、简历等方面，虚拟语气也是必不可少的。在这种情况中，虚拟语气可以用来表明自己的期望以及对于未来的草拟计划等，以获得老板的认可和信任。
虚拟语气的使用技巧和注意事项
尽管虚拟语气在表达假设、愿望或者建议时有着很好的表达效果，但是其用法还是有着一定的技巧和注意事项存在。一般来说，在表达虚拟语气时，我们需要注意以下几点：
首先，我们需要注意时间和语态的选择，这关乎到虚拟语气的形式和用途。因此，在运用虚拟语气时，我们需要仔细考虑时间和语态，以确保表达的准确和清晰。
其次，在虚拟语气的使用中，我们需要注意语句的层次结构，这关系到虚拟语气的表现形式和语义的表达。因此，在运用虚拟语气时，我们需要通过梳理语句结构，以保证语义的正确和逻辑的通顺。
再者，我们需要注意虚拟语气的边际问题，如语言风格、语言文化等。因此，在运用虚拟语气时，我们需要尊重对方的语言文化背景，并且避免使用过激的语言表达，以保证沟通的顺畅和友好。
综上所述，虚拟语气在英语语法中扮演着非常重要的角色，其表达意义和适用范围都非常广泛。在实际的生活和工作中，我们需要注意虚拟语气的正确使用，以达到最佳的沟通效果和交流成果。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、
表语从句、宾语从句等。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子
意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件
不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相
反。③与将来事实可能相反。
三、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从
句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就
是：
①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪
个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：
advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose,
request, suggest等。
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done
for him. He insisted that he was honest.
在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
I would rather you did this instead of me.
一、It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, inportant, right, wrong, better, natural,
proper, funny, strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
二、It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired，
suggested， requested， ordered， proposed等。
三、It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）
．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后
面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连
接从句的that不能省略。
例：My suggestion is that weshould go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气是一种语气，主要用在虚拟条件句和虚拟语句中。在英语学习中，学习虚拟语气是非常重要的。本文将介绍虚拟语气的相关知识，并阐述在日常生活中虚拟语气的应用。1. 虚拟语气的定义和形式
虚拟语气是一种语气，用于表示假设、愿望或条件不成立等情况。虚拟语气通常用于虚拟条件句和虚拟语句中，以表示与实际情况相反的假设。英语中的虚拟语气分为三种形式： 虚拟条件句第一、第二、第三种形式。
- 第一种条件句的虚拟语气表示未来可能发生的事情，使用“If + 主语 + 动词的过去时态，主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形”的形式。 For example: If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
- 第二种条件句的虚拟语气表示过去可能会发生的事情，使用“If +主语 + 动词的过去完成时态, 主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形”的形式。 For example: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
- 第三种条件句的虚拟语气用于表示过去的情况，但与发生的事情相反，使用“If + had +动词的过去分词, 主语+ would/should/could/might+have + 过去分词”的形式。 For example: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
2. 在日常生活中，虚拟语气的应用
在日常生活中，虚拟语气是非常常见的。以下是一些虚拟语气的应用场景：
- 表达愿望：虚拟语气经常用于表达愿望或期望。例如，我们可能会说“如果我有更多的时间，我会参加更多的活动。”
- 表达假设：虚拟语气也用于表达假设或情况的假设。例如，我们可能会说“如果我是老板，我会给员工更多的假期。”
- 表达建议：虚拟语气也可以用于建议。例如，“如果你去旅行，我建议你去南非。”
3. 总结
虚拟语气是英语语法中的重要部分。要学好虚拟语气，需要熟记其三种形式，能够准确地运用其在书面和口语中的场景。在日常生活中，我们将不经意地使用虚拟语气来表达希望、假设或建议，因此熟练掌握虚拟语气是英语学习的重要方面之一。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气是指在讲述某个假设的情形或者不太可能实现的愿望时，我们使用的一种语气。在英语中，虚拟语气可以通过使用“would”、“could”、“should”和“might”等辅助动词以及“What if…”、“If only…”等条件状语从句来表达。虚拟语气在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色，因此，它是英语中一个非常重要的语法知识点。本篇文章将讨论虚拟语气的相关主题，以及相关范文。主题一：虚拟语气的用途
虚拟语气在英语中的使用非常普遍，主要用于以下情形：
1. 谈论现实中未实现的愿望或者情形，比如：If I were rich, I would quit my job and travel the world.（如果我有钱，我会辞职去旅游）
2. 谈论过去的情况，你希望某些事情是不同的，比如：If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.（如果我知道你要来，我会烤一个蛋糕的）
3. 表达虚拟条件，比如：If I had time, I would attend the conference.（如果我有时间，我会出席会议的）
4. 在建议和请求中使用，比如：It would be nice if you could help me with the project.（如果你能帮我做这个项目就好了）
5. 用于谈论可能已经发生或者是未来可能会发生的事情，比如：If we don't hurry, we might miss the train.（如果我们不赶快的话，可能会误了火车）
范文：
If I were rich, I would buy a big house on the beach, a fancy car, and travel the world. I would quit my job, and spend my days on the beach building sandcastles with my children. I would also donate a good amount of money to charity, help the homeless, feed the animals, and improve the environment. If I were rich, I would use my wealth to make the world a better place.
主题二：虚拟语气的类型
在英语语法中，虚拟语气有以下几种类型：
1. 条件虚拟语气
当你想表达一个不太可能实现的条件时，你就需要使用条件虚拟语气。比如：If I were you, I would take a break.（如果是我，我会休息一下）。
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
当你想表达如果现在的情况不是这样，你会希望什么样的情況时你就需要使用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。比如：If he had more time, he would read more books.（如果他有更多时间的话，他会多读一些书）。
3. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
当你想表达过去的情况如果不是这样，可能会对结果产生不同影响时，你就需要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。比如：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（如果他学得更努力一点的话，他就能通过考试了）
4. 愿望虚拟语气
当你想表达你的愿望或者希望时，你就需要使用愿望虚拟语气。比如：If I could speak Spanish, I would travel to Spain.（如果我会说西班牙语的话，我会去西班牙旅游）
范文：
If I could go back in time, I would study harder in high school. I would put in extra hours studying math and science, and take advanced classes to better prepare myself for college. If I did this, perhaps I would have had a better chance of getting into my dream college. If only I had taken this approach back then, things might have turned out differently.
主题三：虚拟语气的练习
虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个很重要的部分，但是，很多人在使用虚拟语气时会出现各种错误。所以，想要熟练掌握虚拟语气，需要进行大量的练习。以下是一些虚拟语气的练习，供大家参考：
1. If I _____ (be) an artist, I _____ (make) beautiful paintings.
2. If he _____ (have) more money, he _____ (travel) the world.
3. If I _____ (know) the truth, I _____ (not tell) you a lie.
4. If she _____ (study) harder, she _____ (pass) the test.
5. If we _____ (go) to the beach, we _____ (get) a sunburn.
答案：
1. were, would make
2. had, would travel
3. knew, would not tell
4. had studied, would have passed
5. go, will get
范文：
If I were a bird, I would fly high in the sky and feel the wind on my wings. I would travel to different parts of the world, and see all the beautiful landscapes and creatures that exist. I would sing beautiful melodies, and feel the happiness and freedom that comes with being able to fly. However, as much as I enjoy imagining what it would be like to be a bird, I know that it is not possible. This is just one of many examples of the wonderful things we can imagine and wish for, but that we know deep down will remain just that – a wish.
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中（即两个人面对面讲话，用的不是现在时态而是过去式）。如：
⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。例如：
(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）
(1).God save me．
1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些习惯表达中。如：
(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第一部分：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：
从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.
(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。注意：wish这个单词的时态是很灵活的。例：
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept
解析：动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案。
三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：
从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)
(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
四）、注意：
1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
练习一：
1.The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to
12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
13. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try
14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written
15. The man insisted that he _____ there.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent
16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____.
A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now
17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
18. It is required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
19. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _____.
A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away.
21. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.
A. is to, should B. were to, would
C. were going to, would D. was going to, should
22. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
23. But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
24. ___ today, he would get there for holiday.
A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves
25. I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known
26. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
27. It seems as if it ___ rain.
A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were going to
28. I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
29. He is working hard for fear that he ___.
A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail
30. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.
A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
31. Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say?
A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept
32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given
33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
34. He insisted that he ___ me before.
A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
35. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.
A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been
36. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.
A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost
37. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.
---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.
A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have
38. He wishes ___ mistakes.
A. he doesn’t always make B. he isn’t always making
C. he didn’t always make D. he wouldn’t always making
39. It ___ very nice if only it were possible.
A. will be B. would be C. is D. were
40. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
41. I wish I ___ what to do.
A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know
42. ___, I would take an umbrella with me.
A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you
43. If I had hurried, I ___ the train.
A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught
44. He insisted that John ___ it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
45. It is high time we ___ off.
46. He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.
A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need
47. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
48. James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.
A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen
49. I wish ___.
A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me alone
50. If I had known that, I ___ so.
A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done
51. The doctor suggested that she ___.
A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke
52. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.
53. You talk as if you ___ there.
A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be
54. He suggested that the work ___ at once.
A. would started B.would be started C.should started D. should be started
55. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.
A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened
56. It is imperative that you ___ on time.
A. are B. will be C. be D. would be
57. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.
A. was B. were C. had been D. went
58. It is time we ___ up our results.
A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum
59. If the doctor had been available, the child ___.
A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not die D. could not have died
60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ___.
A. never had felt tired B. had never felt tired
C. never felt tired D. was tired never
1.A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B
21.B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B
51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60.B
9) 渴望 be eager for sth/ to do sth
10) 接受……为 accept … as…
15) 宁愿…而不愿…would rather do…than do…; prefer to do… rather than do…
It is evident that this is the last thing I want to do.
I’m convinced that I will embrace a bright future.
3）我宁愿亲自送她去上海浦东国际机场。(would rather)
I would rather walk her to Shanghai Pudong International Airport myself.
4）他一直在努力着让世界变得更美好，真实太了不起了。(amazing)
It is amazing that he is always trying to make the world a better place to live.
2) 给某人留下印象 leave/make an impression on sb
3) 传递某种感情 convey certain emotions
8) 由……组成 be made up of/ consist of
There are various reasons why pop stars are popular with young people.
2）杭州西湖的美景给我留下了非常深刻的印象。(impression)
The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou has left a good impression on me.
If you want to buy a dictionary, there are many to choose from.
2) 与……分享 share … with…
7) 对……上瘾 be addicted to sth/ doing
8)习惯于 be accustomed to sth/ doing
18) 提醒某人做 remind sb of sth/ to do/that
22) 养成做某事的习惯 get into the habit of
26) 可能…… It is likely that; be likely to do
1） 感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年龄感到仍然很健康。(amazing)
It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit.
You find it difficult to give up smoking.
3） 我不知道你是谁，我也不在乎。(neither do I…)
I don’t know who you are and neither do I care.
I want you to live as happy a life as I have.
5） 每次你想放弃的时候，提醒你自己你周围的人们都在关心着你。(every time…)
Every time you feel like giving up, remind yourself that the people around you are concerned about you.
It is no good crying over spilt milk.
It’s likely that you will die if you get infected with HIV.
3) 比作/比较 compare…to…
8) 大量的 a quantity of/quantities of
18) 提倡（做……） advocate + n/doing/that
19) 产生影响；起作用make a difference to…
27) 使某人精神振作 refresh one’s spirit
28) 你的贡献很有价值 Your contribution counts.
Compared to/with his work, hers is much better.
2） 毫不疑问，引起全球变暖的是人类的活动。(it is … that…)
There is no doubt that it is human activity that has caused the global warming.
3） 我代表我的学校向从欧洲远道而来的各位表示热烈的欢迎。(on behalf of)
On behalf of my school, I’d like to extend my warm welcome to all of you coming all the way from Europe.
4） 每个人都可以对这个世界产生巨大的影响。(make a difference)
Every individual can make a big difference to the whole world.
Every second counts.
1) 考虑做……；被认为……consider doing; be considered to be/ to have done
2) 保护……免受…… protect … from…
13) 正要做…这时…be about to do…when…
16) 前往 make one’s way to …
17) 对……怀着热情 be enthusiastic about
22) 由……到……不等 vary from…to…
He is considered to have invented the first computer.
2） 在完成了我的家庭作业之后，我前往了当地的自然保护区。(Having done…)
Having finished my homework, I made my way to the local nature reserve.
3） 昨天我正要送女儿去幼儿园，这时我的一个朋友顺道来看我了。(be about to…when…)
Yesterday I was about to walk my daughter to the kindergarten when my friend dropped in on me.
It’s certain that they will subscribe to my view.
They will certain to subscribe to my view.
Feeling exhausted, he went to bed as soon as he got home.
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending。
参考译文：当事情结果与我们所期望的不同时，我们会忍不住假设：如果能用不同的方式来处理这件事，那故事结局可能更美好。(但事实上没有。)
When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. 方框部分作为assume后的宾语从句，根据had done，would have had 时态得知，此处实则为虚拟情况，与过去情况虚拟。此处的虚拟还用到了倒装的语法，省略if，将had提前，变成正常语序即为if we had done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending。 因为虚拟，所以事实上，我们并没有用不同的方式来处理，结局还是一样不美好。
如此，便能读懂作者，听懂说话人真正想要表达的含义。如果你现在还在纠结到底要用何种技巧解题，何不提升语法基础，做到听懂看懂考题，那一切的技巧都将成为浮云。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气用来表示假想，在英语中是比较常考的题型，学生要多做练习题好好掌握这一个知识点。小编为大家推荐了相关练习题，希望可以帮助到大家!
虚拟语气专项练习题
1、I’m not tired. If I were tired, I ______ a rest.
A will B. would have C. would D. were going to
2、If I were a bird , I ______ in the blue sky .
A. will fly B. fly C. would fly D. flew
3、Today is Friday. If it Sunday, I would go fishing with dad.
A. were B.was C. is
4、--Can you tell me what to wear at the party?
--If I____ you, I____the blue jeans.
A.was, will wear B. were, would wear
C. am, will wear D.were, wore
5、 If I _______ you, I would give some flowers to her.
A. am B. was C. was D. were
6、It would be nice if the hotel_________rooms with kitchens.
A.has B.have C.had D.to have
7、If I ________ a bird，I ________ fly freely in the sky.
A.were，will B.were，would C.was，would have D.was，were going to
8、If I______you，I'd work hard and make great progress in learning.
A.am B.were C.was
9、-- I had a big fight with my friend yesterday. What should I do ?
-- If I _______ you, I would say sorry to her.
A. am B. was C. were
10、I wish I younger
A were B be C am D is
11、If I ________ ten years younger, I _________ piano lessons and go to a music college.
A. am; will take B.was; took C.were; will take D.were; would take
12、— I don’t know what to wear at the party.
— If I you, I would wear a shirt and a tie.
A. am B. is C. were D. was
13、--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?
--I’d give it to the charity
A. win B. won C. will win D. is to win
14、---Come and join us.
--- I’m sorry, but I’m busy. If I ________ time, I would go.
A. have B. had
C. will have D. have had
15、If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright.
A. am B. are C. be D. were
16、— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?
— I would give it to charity.
A. have B. had C . will have D. would have
17、It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to school. We think a bridge________ over the river
A. was built B. should be built C. has been built D. is being built
18、—Mum, can I go shopping with Gina?
—Well, If I were you, I homework first.
A. will do B. have to finish C. must finish D. would do
19、--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?
--I’d give it to the charity
A. win B. won C. will win D. is to win
20、— Come and join us, Ben!
— I ’m afraid I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go.
A. had B. will have C. have had D. have
21、What _____ you _____ if you had a million dollars?
A. would, did B. will, do C. would, do D. will, did
22、---What would you do if you a million dollars?
---If I you, I’d give it to medical research.
A. got, were B. win, am C. won, am D. get, were
23、 If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth.
A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell
C. am, will tell D. is , will tell
24、If I ___ you, I ___ be afraid .
A.was, wouldn’t B.were, won’t C.were, wouldn’t
25、If I_____you, I’d save some money to buy a new car.
A. were B. am C. was
26、---What should I do If I had a million dollars?
--- If I ______ you, I would give it to medical research.
A. am B. was C. were D. will be
27、 If I _______ you , I _______ do that .
A. was , would B. were ; wouldn’t C. am , won’t D. were , won’t
28、--Will you come to the party? ---__________ you also invite Blade.
A. Why no t B. Only if C. If not D. When
29、If I _______ you, I _______ go there.
A. is; will B. is; would C. were; would D. was; will
30、If it rain tomorrow， We’ll go on a trip.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。
虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。
虚拟语气考点透析
考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
uldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would uld C.had to D.ought to
解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。
考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage uld have managed
uld managed D.can have managed
解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。
考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：
It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。
考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that
C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what
解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B。
情态动词考点透析
考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查
情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。
分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。
二、情态动词表示推测的考查
对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：
1. Sorry, I’m late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .
A. might B. should C. can D. will
解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境I’m late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。
分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，can’t (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。
三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查
情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterday’s party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。
分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟‘用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。
考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查
1.Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
解析：had to:不得不;didn’t:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldn’t:不愿来。句意：——汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?——我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，所以答案是：C。
2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .
—It’s 86184867.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did C. had D. would
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. don’t know B. hadn’t known
C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get
5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’sheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D. would
14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming
C. came D. had come
15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
17. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did C. had D. would
18. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. know, lives D. know, lived
19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
20. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
22.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
23.—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
24. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
25. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
28. — I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
— It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
29. — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
30. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She _______. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案与解析】
1.
【解析】选B.It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2.
【解析】选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。
3.
【解析】选B.I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
4.
【解析】选A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
5.
【解析】选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的'内容。
6.
【解析】选C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。
7.
【解析】选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
8.
【解析】8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D.
9.
【解析】选 C.if only意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C.
10.
【解析】选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
【答案】C
11.
【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。
【答案】B
12.
【解析】关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.
【答案】 D.
13.
【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.
【答案】D
14.
【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来， 用过去完成时表示过去。
【答案】C
15.
【解析】insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
【答案】D
16.
【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
【答案】B
17.
【解析】It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
【答案】B
19.
【解析】 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
【答案】B
20.
【解析】without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
【答案】A
21.
【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。
【答案】B
22.
【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。
【答案】C
23.
【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。
【答案】A
24.
【解析】B此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法。should have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，因此淘汰A项。would不用来表推测，因此淘汰C项。B基与D项虽然都可以表示推测，但B项表肯定意义而D项表示否定推测，意为“不可能”，根据句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不会在海边玩得那么愉快了。可知此处需要肯定意义，因此淘汰D项。
25.
【解析】B本题考查情态动词的用法。must表示推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用can或could 代替。shouldn’t have done 表示“本来不该而实际上却做了某事”.needn’t have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”均不合题意。本句的意思是：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。
26.
【解析】C should(按道理)应该;句意：既然你在驾校时做了大量练习，那么通过这次考试理不应该有困难。
27.
【解析】B 第一句话使用了一般过去时，由此可知第二句话是对过去事情的猜测，需用must have done.本题意为“我正在高速公路上行驶，这时一辆警车跟随着着这辆车从旁边经过。它们一定是以至少每小时150公里的速度行驶。”故选B。A项表示“本应该……”，C项表示“本能够……”不合题意。
28.
【解析】D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意是“我错拿了别人的绿色 毛衣”，“那可能是Harry的，他总是穿绿色的毛衣”。四个选项中could表示推测。mustn’t 表示 “禁止”;has to 表示“不得不”;will 表推测时，表“肯定“语气太强。
29.
【解析】B根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方本来不必为她打扫房间。很显然对方打扫房间是过去所为，表达“去不必做某事”用needn’t have done sth.
30.
【解析】C本题考查情态动词，从答语的后半句“我已经借到一本字典了”，可知前半句为“不必了”。故C正确。
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▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟，在汉语中表示一种假设的，不存在的情况，同样，英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段，虚拟语气一般用于下列情况：
一、条件状语从句
1、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。如：
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你)
IfIknewhernumberIcouldringherup.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)
2、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+haddone，主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedone ，例如：
IfI'dleftsooner，I'dhavebeenontime.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实：去晚了)
3、与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+weretodo主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do③主语+should/would/could/might+do
例如：Ifhewent，wouldyougotoo?如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实：来的可能性很小)
注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：
一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的'推测;
二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“wereto+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);
三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：
Ishouldseehim,I'lltellhim.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’texpectme.万一明天下雨，就别等我了。
二、wish后宾语从句
1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。例如：
IwishIhadyourbrains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done 例如：
IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道)
3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词)+动词原形
IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 是英语语法中的一种语气，其表示的是假设、愿望、命令、建议等可能发生但并不一定真实的情况。虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，是英语学习者必须掌握的语法要点之一。在虚拟语气的应用中，除了动词本身的形式外，还需要注意其他语法要素如连词和时间状语的变化。本文将详细探讨虚拟语气的常见用法和语法特点。1. 虚拟语气的基本用法：
1.1 表示假设：
虚拟语气可以用于表示假设的情况，例如：
If I were you, I would take his advice.（如果我是你，我会采纳他的建议。）
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她学习更刻苦，她就能通过这次考试。）
这些句子都是表达一种假设，虽然并不一定真实发生过，但如果发生了，所得到的结论也是正确的。需要注意的是，虚拟语气中的“were”在这种情况下常用于“inversion”，即主语和谓语位置的颠倒，这是因为在写作和口语中常常用“were”来替代“was”作为虚拟语气的第二人称和第三人称单数形式。
1.2 表示愿望：
除了表示假设，虚拟语气还可以用于表达愿望和幻想的情况，例如：
I wish you would call me back.（我希望你能回电给我。）
If only I could be with you all the time.（如果我能够一直陪伴在你身边就好了。）
这些句子都表达了一种强烈的情感愿望，而且和实际情况相比有一定的差距。需要注意的是，虚拟语气中的“would”在这种情况下常用于表述一种强烈的愿望和期望，常和“wish”等情感动词连用。
1.3 表示建议和命令：
在虚拟语气中，还有一种常见的用法是用于表示建议和命令的情况，例如：
It's recommended that he go to bed early.（建议他早点睡觉。）
It's important that you be on time for the meeting.（你必须准时参加会议。）
这种用法常常出现在正式场合和官方文书中，以表示发话人的立场和权威。需要注意的是，在这种情况下，虚拟语气中的动词常常不带助动词“do”，而是直接用原型动词，以表达一种模棱两可的建议和要求。
2. 虚拟语气的语法特点：
虚拟语气的语法特点主要包括连词、虚拟条件句和时间状语等方面的变化：
2.1 连词的变化：
在虚拟语气中，连词的用法跟现实语气有所不同，主要表现为“if”引导的虚拟条件句和“unless”引导的否定虚拟条件句，例如：
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.（如果我中了彩票，我就会买一座大房子。）
Unless he worked harder, he wouldn't get the promotion.（如果他不更加努力工作，他就无法得到晋升。）
这些句子中的连词都表达了虚拟语气的意义，且跟现实语气中的“if”和“unless”有所区别，因此需要学习者掌握区分。
2.2 虚拟条件句的变化：
在虚拟条件句中，动作发生的时态和语态常常与实际发生的情况不一致，例如：
If she were here, she would help us.（如果她在这里，她会帮助我们。）
If I had known about it earlier, I would have told you.（如果我早先知道这件事，我就会告诉你。）
这些虚拟条件句中的谓语动词表现出了一种不真实的状态，并且张口就来，不需要凭借其他语境变化。因此，需要注意的是，在虚拟条件句中动词的形式应该与实际情况相比有所变化，以表现出“假设”、“幻想”等词义。
2.3 时间状语的变化：
在虚拟语气中，时间状语的用法也有所不同，需要注意的是：
If you hadn't told me, I would have missed the flight.（如果你没有告诉我，我就会错过这次飞行。）
If we were rich, we would travel around the world.（如果我们很富有，我们就会环游世界。）
这些句子中，时间状语表现出可能会发生，但实际并未到达的情况，用于引导虚拟语气的部分，以表达假设和幻想的情况。与现实语气相比，时间状语在虚拟语气中常用于推出一种不真实的结果，因此需要注意其在文中的位置和用法。
3. 结论：
综上所述，虚拟语气是英语语法中极为重要和广泛运用的语音，主要用于表示假设、愿望、命令、建议等情况。在虚拟语气中，连词、虚拟条件句和时间状语等方面的变化都有所不同，需要注意掌握。学习者应该多阅读和练习，以便更好地应用虚拟语气，提高英语运用能力。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
1.表示祝愿 a. Long live our country. b. May you succeed. c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令 a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为“真实条件句”)
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better. b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon. c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式 a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有“出乎意料之外”之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形 a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:
1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首 a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to). b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊) d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars? b. Without/But for music, the world would be a dull place.
c. We could have done better with more money. d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
e. He must have been very busy, or he could not have won the game.
f. I’m really very busy, otherwise, I would certainly take you to visit the zoo.
四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:
1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England. b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
**as if 从句也可表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气 a. It looks as if it is going to rain.
五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:
在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:
如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 “It is / was + adj. + that从句”中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left. b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气
①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now. b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you. d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night. b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
a. I wish the prices would come down. b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful. d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), propose, demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用“( should )+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once. b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句等)中的谓语也用 “( should ) +动词原形”
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map. d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
e. What do you think of their proposal that we should all speak English at the meeting?
f. It is requested that she should sing a song at the birthday party.
a. The officer ordered his men to start before daybreak. b. The salesman suggested us /our trying another shop.
**注意，suggest解释“表明、暗示”、insist解释“坚持说、硬要说”，则不用虚拟。
a. The man’s expression suggested that he was very sad. ` b. Tony suggested that he had not broken the vase.
八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is (high) time that…(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示“但愿…”, “要是…就好了”, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday. b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue.
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
英语四级语法备战-虚拟语气大总结
概述：
如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？ 1.I wish I were a bird.2.We request that you be here tomorrow.也许你会说:“哈哈，第一句的 I were 错了，应该是 I was；而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的
一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):
虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 现在时态(Simple Present):(右边为虚拟语气)I work----I work you work----you work he works----he work(注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)she works----she work(不是 she works 喔）
it works----it work(同样不是 it works 喔)we work----we work they work----they work 1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous)右边为虚拟语气）
I am working----I be working(注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working----you be working he is working----he be working she is working----she be working it is working----it be working we are working----we be working they are woring----they be working 1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect)右边为虚拟语气)I have worked----I have worked you have worked----you have worked he has worked-----he have worked(用的还是have喔)she has worked----she have worked it has worked----it have worked we have worked----we have worked they have worked----they have worked 1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)右边为虚拟语气)I have been working----I have been working you have been working----you have been working he has been working----he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working----she have been working it has been working---it have been working we have been working----we have been working they have been working----they have been working
二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)
虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去 中要用 were。
2.1 过去时态(Simple Past)右边为虚拟语气)I worked----I worked you worked----you worked he worked----he worked she worked----she worked it worked----it worked we worked----we worked they worked----they worked 2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous)右边为虚拟语气)I was working----I were working（注意是 I were）
you were working----you were working he was working----he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working----she were working it was working----it were working we were working----we were working they were working----they were working 2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect)右边为虚拟语气)I had worked----I had worked you had worked----you had worked he had worked----he had worked she had worked----she had worked it had worked----it had worked we had worked----we had worked they had worked----they had worked(耶，全部都用 had!)2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous)右边为虚拟语气
I had been working----I had been working you had been working----you had been working he had been working----he had been working she had been working----she had been working it had been working----it had been working we had been working----we had been working they had been working----they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）
三、简单的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿
1.May you be happy.(注意那个 be)祝你幸福。
2.May you have a good time.3.May the friendship between us last long, 4.Have a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令
注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。
! harder!3.Be more alert!(虚拟语气动词 Be)4.You go out!5.Do not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)6.Don't be afraid.(口语中常用don't 代替 do not)
四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Modal Verb)的过去时态
(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等： 1.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼)2.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)
五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)：
表示：a.和现在的事实相反；
b.和过去的事实相反；
c.对将来的主观愿望。
5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：
1.I wish(that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式 knew)
我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2.I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)
但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3.I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)
但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵)4.When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5.Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6.When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用“had 过去分词”（时间上较前): 1.I wish(that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2.He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3.We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4.I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had called)(事实上已迟了)5.They will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had listened)(事实上并不如此)5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用“would/should/could/might 动词原形”(时间上较后):
(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同喔)1.I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would 动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2.I wish you would be quiet.(would be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3.You wished she would arrive the next day.(would arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4.I wish she would change her mind.(would change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5.He will wish we would join him the following week.(would join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)为了这个wish的部份，可花了我不少时间喔。I wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用 ：“should 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气： * suggest(建议), recommend(推荐), advise(劝告), propose(建议)* insist(坚持), consent(允诺)* decide(决定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主张), urge(催促)1.I suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should start)(表示建议立即开会)2.The doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should try)(表示建议你应该减肥喔)3.He insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should be)(表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)4.He insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should tell)(表示非要你告诉他不可)5.He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should wash)(表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should 动词原形” 表示虚拟语气： * demand(要求), desire(请求),requirment(要求)* advice(劝告), recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(优先)* proposal(计划), plan(计划), idea(办法)1.The advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名词advice，should leave)(表示加以劝告)2.My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should get)(表示做出主意)3.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should hold)(表示做出计划)虚拟语气之类的语法真是错综复杂，不是一时半刻就能弄清楚的。再会
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
句型：It is(或was) 形容词(或过去分词) that …… should 动词原 形……
句子：It is natural that she should do so.(形容词natural, should 动词原 形do)常用的形容词：
* natural(自然的), appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必须的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本质的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(极好的)常用的过去分词(Past Participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被请求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建议), recommended(推荐)* orderd(命令)1.It is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should have)(表示有需要去散步)2.It was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should make)(表示有必要事先做好准备)3.It is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟)4.It is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should be)(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)5.It's important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should take)(表示重要的是照顾好病人)
八、虚拟语气在条件从句(Protasis)中的用法： 条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是“真实条件句”。如：
1.If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为“虚拟条件句”。如：
1.If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）这回我们要谈的就是关于“虚拟条件句”的一些句型。
* 这种句子一般由“从句”（Subordinate Clause)和“主句”(Main Clause)组成。如上 例：
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“If it had rained yesterday” 就是“从句”；“we would have stayed at home” 则为“主句。
* 无论”从句“或”主句“的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(Tenses)，就是：
现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。* 句型：
8.1 与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内): 从句：if 主语 动词的过去式(be 用 were) ……
主句：主语 would(should, could , might) 动词原形 ……
1.If I were you, I would go with him.(从句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)2.If I were you, I should buy it.(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形 buy)3.If I had time, I would study French.(如果有时间，我会学习法文。）
（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
4.If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)
(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”主语 would be 进行式动词 ……“ 5.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：
从句：If 主语 had 过去完成式动词 ……
主句：主语 would(should, could, might) have 过去完成式动词 ……
1.If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)
如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
2.If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)
如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
3.If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)
如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。4.If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)
如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”I主语 would have 完成进行式动词 ……
5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)8.3 与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：
从句：If 主语 should(或were) 动词原形 ……
主句：主语 would(could, should, might) 动词原形 ……
1.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)
如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
2.If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)
如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
3.If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)
如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用：“If 主语 过去进行式动词 ……” 4.If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)
如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
8.4 从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前 面：
1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.去If：Were she younger, she would do it.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)8.5 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1.I could help you.(只有主句）
2.If I had time.(只有从句）
3.She should have come to the meeting.(只有主句)4.If he had much more money.(只有从句)8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：
8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：
9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
1.He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
2.The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
3.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
9.2 用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。
其宾语从句的谓语要用“would 动词原形”：
1.I had hoped that she would go to the U.S.and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中 国。
9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”、“如果没有”，表 示条件虚拟句：
1.Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
2.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
3.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。练习：
1.We surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√rm rms rmed D.has informed 2.Look at the terrible trouble I your advice!A.follow √B.had followed C.would follow D.have followed 3.I wish go to the movie with you tonight, but I have to finish myhomework then.A.I can √B.I could C.I will D.I would 4.available, we would certainly have sent him to the meeting.A.John was B.Wasn’t John √C.Had John been D.John had been 5.I would have come sooner but I that you were waiting.A.haven’t known B.hadn’t known √C.didn’t know D.have known 6.If you had told me in advance, I him at the airport.√A.would have met B.would meet C.had met D.met 7.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we the meeting.A.would start B.had started C.shall start √D.started 8.Tony does not dare to leave the house in case.A.he will recognize √B.he should be recognized
C.he is recognized D.he recognizes 9.Franklin looked as though he ill for a long time.A.was B.were C.has been √D.had been 10.I’d rather you about it for the time being.A.don’t think √B.didn’t think C.would not think D.had not thought 11.It is necessary that Mark in time to attend the meeting.√e B.came es D.will come 12.Tom is working hard for fear that he.A.fell behind B.may fall behind √C.should fall behind D.would fall behind 13.It is imperative that Hurst wood to hospital at once.A.is taken B.shall be taken √C.should be taken D.must be taken 14.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the way.A.breaks down B.broke down C.would break down √D.should break down 15.Tomorrow, I ivory would surely be welcome.A.If she comes B.When she comes C.would break down √D.should break down
16.It is highly desirable that a new chairman for the committee.A.will be elected B.is elected C.elect √D.be elected 17.Kitty talks as if she on the spot.A.is √B.were C.has been D.be 18.I didn’t go to the concert.But I do wish I there.A.was √B.had been C.were D.went 19.It is requested that every student a plan for the nest semester.A.makes √B.make C.will make D.would make 20.The librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√A.borrow B.borrowed C.should have borrowed D.borrowing 21.Even if she there, Margaret could not have done anything either.A.were B.was being C.be √D.had been
22.I don’t think it advisable that Darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√A.be assigned B.will be assigned C.is assigned D.has been assigned
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
虚拟语气的课件虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种挑战，也是许多英语学习者最难掌握的部分之一。虚拟语气出现在许多语言功能中，例如表达假设、愿望、建议、命令和感叹等等。英语中的虚拟语气形式表明一个假设情况或一些虚构的事情，而不是一个具体的现实情况。
一般来说，虚拟语气有两种形式：条件虚拟语气和命令虚拟语气。条件虚拟语气稍微容易一些，主要用于表达假设情况，如 If I were you, I would study harder. 也可以用在虚构的语境中，如 The teacher asked that she speak English more fluently. 这种情况下，虚拟语气需要使用过去式动词形式。
命令虚拟语气则更加复杂，它主要用在表达建议、要求、愿望和假设的情况下，同时表明这些情况是虚构的或不太可能发生的。例如，如果你想表达一个愿望，你可能会说 "I wish I could speak fluent English", 这个句子中的虚拟语气表明你现在不会说流利的英语，而这个愿望可能不会实现。如果你想表示一种建议，可以说 "He suggested that we go to the beach", 这个句子中的虚拟语气表明这个建议是虚构的，或者说你不确定会不会去海滩。
虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个复杂问题，不仅需要英语语法和语境知识，还需要对语言功能的理解。掌握虚拟语气可以让你更加自如地表达你自己的意思，同时也能帮助你理解英语中更复杂的语言结构。
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
(一)形式 注：
1.在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you...
2.主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反) 例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反) 例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)
(二)省略/倒装 如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.
但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
大学英语四级语法精要——虚拟语气！[重点]_英语教学论文英语作文网收集整理英语作文网1)wish,wouldrather(sooner),hadbetter:
IwishIwereasstrongasyou.
IwishIhadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.
IwishIrememberedtheaddress.
Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow(youhadgonetheretoo).
Ihadrather(that)youtoldhimthanIdid.
2)suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词后的宾语从句:
Thecommanderorderedthatallcivilians(should)beevacuate......
大学英语四级语法精要——虚拟语气！[重点]_英语教学论文英语作文网收集整理英语作文网
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)
1.It is important that he __________ the college entrance examination.
A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend
8.Don’t come this morning. I would rather you________ the day after tomorrow.
A. come B. came C.are to come D. will come
3._________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not C. had it not been D. If they were not
4.---Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?
---________ I had come here earlier!
A.But for B.If not C. For fear D. If only
5.Without electricity human life __________ quite difficult today.
A.is B.will be C. would have been D.would be
(分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that …should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是… 该多好啊5.D)
▣ 虚拟语气的课件 ▣
1、基础用法
注意四个情态动词的用法
(1)若表示在某一假设的条件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用
(2)若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用
(3)如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用
虚拟语气的倒装
当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could等词移至句首。
注意：以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：
If he had money，he would buy a Hadhe money，hewould buy a
(1)从句与过去事实相反相成，而主句与现在事实相反。例如：
If you had not been strict withme when I was young, I could not be such a successful person (这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now
或nowadays)
(2)Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I willcome back (主句为祈使句，条件句与将来事实相反，表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。)
含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式：
(1)将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happyto go with (=I should be happy if I could go with )
(2)将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in bettertimes, he would have been a (=If he had been born in better times, he…)
(3)将条件隐含在介词短语中。
Without air, no onecould (=If there were no air, no one could )
常用的介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under,under more favorable condition等。
(4)将条件隐含在名词短语中。
A true friend wouldnot have betrayed (=If he had been atrue friend, he would…)
(5)将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中。用法如下：它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用陈述语气，后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
(a)句子(一般现在时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分：should\would\could\might等+ 动词原形)
Don’t bother toread all these It would take too
(=…If you read all these papers, it would taketoo long)
常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest,provided，for fear that, oncondition that, if only等。
(注：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)
注意：but后面转折成真实情况的用法
例：I would have bought it yesterday, but I had
- 我们精彩推荐虚拟语气的课件专题，静候访问专题：虚拟语气的课件
